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Natzweiler-Struthof
Natzweiler-Struthof was a German-run concentration camp located in the Vosges Mountains close to the Alsatian village of Natzwiller (German ''Natzweiler'') in France, and the town of Schirmeck, about 50 km (31 mi) south west from the city of Strasbourg. Natzweiler-Struthof was the only concentration camp established by the Nazis on present-day French territory, though there were French-run temporary camps such as the one at Drancy. At the time from 1941 to 1944, the Alsace area in which it was established was administered by Germany as it was an integral part of the German Reich. The camp operated from May 21, 1941 to early September 1944 with prisoners. A small staff of Nazi SS remained, found when the camp was liberated by the French First Army under the command of the U.S. Sixth Army Group on November 23, 1944. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Natzweiler-Struthoff Concentration Camp )〕
About 52,000 prisoners were estimated to be held there in its time of operation.〔〔 The prisoners were mainly taken from the resistance movements in German-occupied territories. It was a labor camp, transit camp and as the war went on, a place of execution. Some died from the exertions of the labor and the poor food. There were an estimated 22,000 deaths at the camp, including the network of subcamps.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Struthof: Some data )〕 Many prisoners were moved to other camps; in particular, the former head of Auschwitz concentration camp was brought in 1944 to evacuate the prisoners of Natzweiler-Struthof to Dachau as the Allied Armies neared in 1944. August Hirt conducted some of his efforts in making a Jewish skeleton collection in this camp. A documentary movie has been made about the 86 named men and women who were killed there for that project. Some of the people responsible for atrocities in this camp came to trial after the war ended.
The camp is preserved as a museum in memory of those held or killed there. European Centre of Deported Resistance Members is located at this museum, focusing on those held at this camp. The Monument to the Departed stands at the site. The present museum was restored in 1980, after damage by neo-Nazis in 1976. Among other notable prisoners, the writer Boris Pahor was interned in Natzweiler-Struthof and wrote his novel ''Necropolis'' based on this experience.
==Operations==
Natzweiler-Struthof operated between 21 May 1941 and the beginning of September 1944, when the SS evacuated the camp to Dachau. Its construction was overseen by Hans Hüttig in the spring of 1941. The camp was evacuated and its surviving prisoners sent on a "Death march" on early September 1944 with only a small SS unit keeping the camp's operations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Introduction to the history of the camp | STRUTHOF )〕 On 23 November 1944, this camp with its small staff was discovered and liberated by the French First Army as part of the U.S. Sixth Army Group,〔 on the same day that the city of Strasbourg was liberated by the Allies. Through 1945, Natzweiler-Struthof had a complex of about 70 subcamps or annex camps. For the system of subcamps see List of subcamps of Natzweiler-Struthof.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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